Note:
(1) Although the graduated tube is marked in both grams and percent figures, result should always be reported in grams. This is because (a) no single hemoglobin value can be considered as 100% since it varies with the age and sex of the individual and altitude, and
(b) hemoglobinometers of different manufacturers have different values as 100%, so that same sample of blood will yield different results on different instruments.
(2) Disadvantages of Sahli’method:
• About 95% color of acid hematin is attained at the end of 10 minutes. For maximum color development, much longer time (1 hour) is required.
• Perfect matching with the brown glass standard is not possible.
• Carboxyhemoglobin, methemo-globin, and sulfhemoglobin are not converted to acid hematin. HbF is also not converted to acid hematin and therefore this method is not suitable in small infants.
• Development of color is slow and acid hematin solution is not stable.
• Source of light (daylight or artificial) will influence the visual comparison of colors.
• Personal error in matching brown glass standard with
test solution is 10%.
• Color of brown glass standard fades with time.
BLOOD PRESSURE
How do you determine a patient's blood type?
You need to know the patient’s blood type in order to make safe blood transfusions. Primarily you try to give the same blood type in a blood transfusion as the patient has got. From
Tutorial 1 you know that the blood type notation indicates what antigens there are on the surface of the red blood cells. So, to determine blood type, you need to find out which antigens are present. You can work that out by mixing the patient’s blood with three different reagents containing either of the three antibodies: A, B or Rh.
Test tubes containing three different reagents with either A, B or Rh antibodies. The antibodies attach to antigens on the patient's red blood cells if they match.
Blood typing procedure:
1. Mix!
First mix the patient's blood with three different reagents including either of the three different antibodies, A, B or Rh antibodies!
2. Look for agglutination!
Then you take a look at what has happened. In which mixtures has clumping, or agglutination, occurred? The agglutination indicates that the blood has reacted with a certain antibody and is therefore not compatible with blood containing that kind of antibody. If the blood does not agglutinate, it indicates that the blood does not have the antigens binding the special antibody in the reagent.
3. Figure out the ABO blood group!
Start by taking a look at the test tubes containing A and B antibodies. Has the blood agglutinated in either of these two tubes?

No agglutination in test tube A, indicates that the patient's red blood cells do not have A antigens.
Agglutination in the tube containing B antibodies indicates that the patients' red blood cells have got B antigens, thus belongs to blood group B.
4. Figure out the Rh blood group!
Now have a look at the test tube containing Rh antibodies! Has the blood agglutinated or not?

No agglutination indicates that the patient's red blood cells don't have Rh antigens, thus the blood is Rh-.
5. Figure out the blood type!
Now that you know which antigens are in the patient's blood, you can figure out the blood type!
Since agglutination only occured in the test tube containing B antibodies, the blood got B antigens but no A or Rh antigens. Thus the blood type is B Rh- .

Test yourself!
Can you determine the blood type?
Agglutination in all three test tubes indicates that all three antigens are present in the blood: A, B and Rh. Accordingly, the blood type is AB Rh+.
Can you determine the blood type?

Agglutination in the test tubes containg A antibodies and B antibodies. Accordingly, the blood type is AB Rh-.
Can you determine the blood type?

Agglutination in the test tube with Rh antibodies indicates that the blood has got Rh antigens but no A nor B antigens.
The blood type is O Rh+.
AMLA CANDY mla Candy
Amla Candy
Amla candy is an amazing dessert recipe that is loved by the kids. You might have purchased amla candy in the market, but we will tell you how to make it at your own home and you will never need to buy it again. The kid friendly Indian candy is high on vitamins and minerals, so it is probably the only candy with loads of goodness. Made with easy boiling of amla, this recipe won't take much time to make if ingredients are ready. You can store dried amla for many days with this recipe. Learn how to make it with our step by step guide.
Method
1. Wash and dry gooseberry with kitchen towel. 2. Make in the gooseberry. 3. Amla Candy: 4. Boil enough water in a vessel, add gooseberry, boil for 2 minutes and drain excess water. 5. Cut the gooseberry in slices. 6. Add cumin powder and dried ginger powder over the top. 7. Cover it with sugar, close the lid and set aside. 8. Next day slices will float in sugar water. 9. On the third day slices will settle at bottom. 10. Now filter the slices and collect the syrup (store it in refrigerator and use it as Gooseberry Sherbet). 11. Dry these filtered slices in sunlight for two days. 12. Sprinkle sugar powder mixed with edible colour of your choice and store it in an air tight container. 13. Enjoy the candies formed. 14. Recipe Courtesy: Cooking With Sapana
Ingredients
250 g - gooSeberry 1 tsp - Cumin seeds powder 1 tsp - dried Ginger powder (saunth) 150 g - Sugar 2 tbsp - Sugar powder 1/2 pinch - edible food color (optional)